![]() ![]() The UN Security Council’s (UNSC) mandate is structured around the wider notion of threat to international peace and security, and the UNSC is competent to take appropriate measures in such cases, including the recourse to collective force. The Charter does not contain a clear definition of aggression. The UN Charter creates a system of collective security under the primary responsibility of the Security Council. The United Nations (UN) Charter, signed in 1945, also prohibits aggression and the recourse to force in the relations between States, except in the case of self-defence. In 1945, the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal relied on the principles of international law (principle 6) to institute the act of planning, preparing, initiating, or waging a war of aggression as a crime against peace at his article 6(b), engaging the criminal responsibility of perpetrators. ![]() In the early and mid-twentieth century, the gradual suppression of the right to make war (as in the 1919 Covenant of the League of Nations and the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928) restricted the right to use armed force except in situations of self-defence against aggression. Within the international order that has prevailed since the Treaty of Westphalia of 1648 and the affirmation of State sovereignty, aggression appears to be the most serious crime that can be perpetrated, undermining the very existence of the State, its territorial integrity, and, as such, the core principles of international law. The act of aggression is today acknowledged as the most serious form of illicit recourse to force.
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